How to See Like a Machine: Images After AI

“To be literate today means to come to terms with how the twin technical transformations of our time, computer vision and generative AI, work, and how they work on us: how they have reformatted our perception and cognition, our labor and leisure, our representations and realities, and will continue to do so with ever greater intensity. There is no better guide than Trevor Paglen, our most exploratory of artists, who, for two decades, has cracked open each new version of this black box, exposing proprietary abuses, inventing critical terms, devising counter uses, and imagining alternative futures. How to See Like a Machine is the toolkit we need.”
—Hal Foster, author of What Comes After Farce? Art and Criticism at a Time of Debacle

“In this indispensable compilation, Trevor Paglen traces the fate of photographic images in the age of cognitive warfare, AI slop and pictorial conditioning. Decades of propaganda, psyops and photoshop have successively rid images of reality. Generative AI automates this process to create statistical renderings in a state of superposition; neither true nor false, but optimized to mess with human minds. When seeing becomes acting, thinking and theory need to involve actual visual practice, too. Paglens invaluable hands-on method of inquiry documents a shift in focus from images of reality to the reality of images. Required reading.”
—Hito Steyerl, author of Medium Hot

“Paglen is an extraordinary artist and thinker. In these succinct, entertaining essays he broadens our understanding of vision, and shows how image-making is leaving the human eye behind”
—Hari Kunzru, author of Blue Ruin

“How will people choose to interact with art in a world where AI can spit out any image desired? When digital platforms value hyperpersonalization over discovery and learn through user surveillance? AI is altering visual culture more insidiously than it even seems, far beyond slop and plagiarism, and we need to understand it.”
—Lit Hub, Most Anticipated Books of 2026

“A profoundly uncompromising, ambitious, and imaginative read”
—Kate Crawford, author of Atlas of AI

“Paglen’s work makes the invisible visible. In his new book he looks at images and shows how images look at us. What emerges is a new space for thinking between humans and media. This book is urgent.”
—Hans Ulrich Obrist

“Paglen’s essays are impressively cogent, engaging, and relevant … [due to] the importance of this book’s subject and the valuable arguments Paglen makes, [we] recommend this title for all art and politics collections.”
—Library Journal

“Exploring humanity’s relationship with, and dependence upon, technology, Trevor Paglen’s prescient science text How to See Like a Machine overviews generative AI to expose its history of psychological manipulation…An insightful, urgent text that critiques the emergent technologies of image recognition and generative AI.”
—Foreword Reviews

Trevor Paglenis an artist whose work has had one-person exhibitions at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC; Fondazione Prada, Milan; and the Barbican Centre, London. He has participated in group exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Tate Modern, and numerous other venues. His work has been profiled in the New York Times, the New Yorker, the Wall Street Journal, Wired, the Financial Times, Artforum, and Aperture. In 2014, he received the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Pioneer Award and, in 2016, he won the Deutsche Börse Photography Prize. Paglen was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2017.